Complications of local anesthesia

1.

COMPLICATIONS OF LOCAL
ANESTHESIA
BY: ZAID ABDULLAH 4-014

2.

COMPLICATIONS OF LOCAL ANESTHESIA
Asthma
Attack
Hemorrhagic
Shock
Acute
coronary
syndrome

3.

ASTHMA
ATTACK
• An asthma attack occurs when an asthma trigger
causes the lungs to become inflamed and swollen.
• During an asthma attack, muscles around the breathing
tubes tighten or spasm and more mucus than usual is
produced, this makes the breathing tubes narrower
and make it harder to get air into the lungs.

4.

A) Severe shortness of breath
B) chest tightness or pain
ASTHMA ATTACK
SYMPTOMS
C)
coughing or wheezing
D) a fast heartbeat
E) drowsiness, confusion, exhaustion or dizziness
F)
blue lips or fingers
G) fainting

5.

HOW TO DEAL WITH ASTHMA ATTACK AS A
DENTIST
1) Terminate treatment and remove all dental materials and instruments from the
patient’s mouth.
2) Sit the patient upright or in a comfortable position with the arms thrown forward over
a chair back.
3) Administer a bronchodilator supplied by the patient or from the emergency drug kit.

6.

HOW TO DEAL WITH ASTHMA ATTACK AS A
DENTIST
• For aerosol inhaler here’s how to use it:I)
The patient holds the inhaler 1 or 2 inches in front of
their mouth
II)
The inhaler is placed in the mouth
III)
As the patient breaths in slowly through their mouth,
they press down on the inhaler one time
IV)
The patient continues breathing as deep as they can and
holds their breath for 10 seconds
*
Improvement should occur within 15 seconds
*
If there is no improvement, the process should be repeated

7.

• If after three doses of the bronchodilator there is no
improvement, here’s what to do:
HOW TO DEAL
WITH ASTHMA
ATTACK AS A
DENTIST
1.
Administer oxygen
2.
Call for medical assistance
3.
Administer epinephrine 1:1000 concentration for an adult,
1:2000 concentration for a child
4.
If possible, determine the cause of the attack
5.
If medical assistance or the administration of epinephrine is
necessary, the patient should be discharged to EMS for
transport to the hospital
6.
If the attack is resolved quickly, the patient may be discharged
on their own

8.

HEMORRHAGIC
SHOCK
• Hemorrhagic shock is a form of hypovolemic shock in
which severe blood loss leads to inadequate oxygen
delivery at the cellular level.
• It occurs when there’s a heavy bleeding, the essential
substances are lost more quickly than they can be
replaced, in that case there’s not enough blood flow to
the organs in the body, and they begin to shut down.

9.

HEMORRHAGIC
SHOCK
SYMPTOMS
1.
blue lips and fingernails 10. weak pulse
2.
6.
low or no urine output 11. anxiety and a sense of
impending doom
excessive sweating
*In cases of shock, many of
shallow breathing
these signs and symptoms
dizziness or loss of
are present at the same
consciousness
time.
Confusion
7.
chest pain
8.
low blood pressure
9.
rapid heart rate
3.
4.
5.

10.

HOW TO DEAL WITH HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK AS A
DENTIST
I.
The first thing to do is to stop the bleeding
II.
Then, must help the patient inhaling oxygen
III.
After that, according to indications, remove the obstacles in the trachea, and
administer oxygen
IV. Evaluate blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, level of consciousness, the nature
of the injury, determine the amount of blood loss.

11.

ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME
• Acute coronary syndrome is a term used to
describe a range of conditions associated with
sudden, reduced blood flow to the heart.
• Acute coronary syndrome often causes severe
chest pain or discomfort. It is a medical
emergency that requires prompt diagnosis and
care. The goals of treatment include improving
blood flow, treating complications and preventing
future problems.

12.

ACUTE
CORONARY
SYNDROMESYMPTOMS
A) Chest pain (angina) or
(dyspnea)
discomfort, often
E) Sudden, heavy sweating
described as aching,
(diaphoresis)
pressure, tightness or
F) Lightheadedness,
burning
dizziness or fainting
B) Pain spreading from the
chest to the shoulders, G) Unusual or unexplained
fatigue
arms, upper abdomen,
back, neck or jaw
H) Feeling restless or
apprehensive
C) Nausea or vomiting
D) Shortness of breath

13.

HOW TO DEAL WITH ACUTE CORONARY
SYNDROME AS A DENTIST
1.
deal with all the identified risk factors
involved
2.
Pre-medication should be considered to
alleviate anxiety, and effective analgesia is
important to reduce stress
3.
Important to be an early and short
morning appointments
4.
Must have a comfortable position in a
dental chair
5.
Every effort should be made to keep
procedure time down to a minimum, and
treatment should be terminated early if the
patient becomes overly anxious.
6.
Current medications which the patients
are taking and allergies to any drugs and
also any potential drug interactions and
side effects are noted

14.

THANK YOU
I HOPE IT WAS USEFUL TO READ